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Bar code scanners are used to read the bar codes found on products in a wide variety of situations. Most of us are familiar with bar codes found on packages at the grocery store. When you purchase an item, the bar code on the package is scanned by a bar code scanner. This automatically calls up the item particulars such as the item name and unit cost. The cost is then calculated automatically and added to your bill.

At the same time the stock control system records the fact that you have purchased a can of soup or box of cereal, and the inventory tally maintained in the central database is reduced to reflect the fact that someone has purchased one of these items. Inventory control is more or less automatic, assuming that all the data was input correctly in the first place.

The first step towards installing a stock control system is to install the software that is going to keep track of information about your inventory. You will use bar code scanners in order to get the information about your inventory into the system. Each time you scan an item it changes its count in the database.

It is important that each item has its own unique bar code. Items that don't already have a bar code can have a unique one generated for them by the stock control software. You then use a bar code printer to print out the code which can then be attached to the item.

Here are the three most popular types of bar code scanners currently in use:

1. The Wand Scanner - The most basic type of bar code scanner is the "wand". This is a pen-type scanner that needs to be kept in contact with the bar code when scanning it. The wand emits a light which is reflected off the bar code and then decoded by the system to identify the item.

The wand system works very well most of the time, and is is the cheapest kind of bar code scanner. As far as cost is concerned, one of these wands will cost 1/10th as much as a laser gun, and about 1/5th as much as a CCD scanner.

There are limitations to wand scanners, however. The wand needs to be held at a fairly specific angle when pointed at the barcode in order for it to scan properly. Also, the speed with which it is moved across the barcode can't be too fast or too slow. Additionally, there is a limit to the resolution of every barcode wand scanner. The scanner will not be able to read properly any barcode that has a resolution that is significantly smaller than the scanner itself. For example, a 5 mil barcode cannot be read using a 10 mil wand. When in the market for a wand scanner, it is important that this isn't forgotten.

2. The CCD Scanner - CCD (charged coupled device) technology is the next least expensive bar code scanning system. Like the wand scanner, CCD readers must be in direct contact with the bar code label in order to read it. But unlike the wand, there is no need to move the device across the label. The operator simply presses the reader against the label and pulls the trigger. The bar code is then photographed, digitized and decoded by the system.

Of all the different types of bar code scanners, CCD readers are considered the most straight-forward to use. They are manufactured in widths that start at about 2 and go up to 4 inches. A CCD reader is expensive compared to a wand (about four times the cost), but is a bargain compared to the laser scanner (about one third the cost).

A promising new technology similar to CCD is called FFO (Fixed Focus Optics). These scanners are non-contact readers, which means they can read bar codes from as much as 20" away. They will also be able to read two-dimensional bar codes as they become more popular.

3. Laser Scanners - A beam of light is used by a laser scanner in order to scan the bar code label. Instead of moving the scanner you move the bar code across the scanner. The scanner does not have to actually touch the bar code label in order to read it. The scanner will automatically read the scan whenever a bar code is held in front of it.

This system is popular in many different settings. For example, since scanning is done rapidly, laser scanners can be embedded right within conveyor systems. As objects pass quickly by they are scanned and recorded. In retail stores the check out person simply moves objects over the scanner to activate the scanning action. This kind of system is fast enough to keep up with a clerk just taking objects from one side of the scanner and sliding them to the other side. Such a system is much faster and much more accurate than any of the popular alternatives currently available.

No matter what your ideal scanning system might be today, you need to make certain that you buy a stock control system that allows you to take advantage of future developments in bar code technology. This will allow you to keep your system updated without having to replace the entire system in the future.

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